pope innocent viii papal bull

Summis desiderantes affectibus (Latin for "desiring with supreme ardor"), sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes[1][2] was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on 5 December 1484. On December 5th, 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued an edict (Bull) entitled Summis desiderantes affectibus alleging that many men and women were in collusion with the Devil. ... Innocent VIII: Jun 3, 2015 - During what is known as the Little Ice Age, the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and mass starvation resulted in an increasing fear of witches. Ferdinand's oppressive government led in 1485 to a rebellion of the aristocracy, known as the Conspiracy of the Barons, which included Francesco Coppola and Antonello Sanseverino of Salerno and was supported by Pope Innocent VIII. Non obstantibus … Let no man therefore … But if any dare to do so, which God forbid, let him know that upon him will fall the wrath of Almighty God, and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. It also justifies the enslavement of Africans. The Pamfili resided originally at Gubbio, in Umbria, but came to Rome during the pontificate of Innocent VIII. 1655.His parents were Camillo Pamfili and Flamnia de Bubalis. Accordingly in the aforesaid provinces, townships, dioceses, and districts, the abominations and enormities in question remain unpunished not without open danger to the souls of many and peril of eternal damnation. [8], The bull urged local authorities to cooperate with the inquisitors and threatened those who impeded their work with excommunication. In 1296 he issued the bull Clericis laicos, which forbade under the sanction of automatic excommunication any imposition of taxes on the clergy without express license by the pope. The former was generally dealt with through confession, repentance, and charitable work assigned as penance. Required fields are marked *, © The papal conclave of 1484 was riven with faction, while gangs rioted in the streets. On 5 Dec., 1484, he issued his much-abused Bull against witchcraft, and 31 May, 1492, he solemnly received at Rome the Holy Lance which the Sultan surrendered to the Christians. Popes issued documents, known as papal bulls, in their administration of Church affairs. This papal bull, distributed by Innocent VIII in 1488, asserts the pope’s privilege of appointing the Master of the Spanish Order of St. James of Compostella, the pre-eminent pilgrimage site in Europe. [7], It gave approval for the Inquisition to proceed "correcting, imprisoning, punishing and chastising" such persons "according to their deserts". However, its similarities to previous papal documents, emphasis on preaching, and lack of dogmatic pronouncement complicate this view. Established the papal conclave as the method of selection for a pope, imposing progressively stricter restrictions on cardinals the longer a conclave lasted to encourage a quick selection. 2020 The Malleus Maleficarum. bull of pope innocent viii. Pope Innocent VIII Summis desiderantes affectibus , ( Latin for Desiring with supreme ardor ), sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes [1] [2] was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December 5, 1484. The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves. INNOCENT VIII 1484—1492 Del Rio, Martin Antoine and Maxwell-Stuart, P. G.. Halsall, Paul. The Pope stated that after being converted to the faith or promised baptism, many of the inhabitants were taken from their homes and enslaved: Its direct purport was to ratify the powers already conferred upon Kramer (also known as "Henry Institoris") and James Sprenger to deal with witchcraft as well as heresy, and it called upon the Bishop of Strasburg (then Albert of Palatinate-Mosbach) to lend the inquisitors all possible support. The papal bull of Pope Innocent VIII known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484). Sent to Bishop Ferdinand, located at Rubicon on the island of Lanzarote, this bull condemned the enslavement of the black natives of the newly colonized Canary Islands off the coast of Africa. Nor shall he suffer them in disobedience to the tenor of these presents to be molested or hindered by any authority whatsoever, but he shall threaten all who endeavour to hinder or harass the Inquisitors, all who oppose them, all rebels, of whatsoever rank, estate, position, pre-eminence, dignity, or any condition they may be, or whatsoever privilege or exemption they may claim, with excommunication, suspension, interdict, and yet more terrible penalties, censures, and punishment, as may seem good to him, and that without any right of appeal, and if he will he may by Our authority aggravate and renew these penalties as often as he list, calling in, if so please him, the help of the secular arm. The translation of this Bull is reprinted by permission from “The Geography of Witchcraft,” by Montague Summers, pp. Pope Innocent XI appointed him a Cardinal of San Pancrazio in 1668. On December 5th, 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued an edict (Bull) entitled Summis desiderantes affectibus alleging that many men and women were in collusion with the Devil. This Pape didn’t have Bulle to partage th world in both Spain and Portugal? Pope Innocent VIII Summis desiderantes affectibus ( English : Desiring with supreme ardor ) [1] [2] was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December 5, 1484. Moreover, for greater surety We extend these letters deputing this authority to cover all the aforesaid provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, territories, persons, and crimes newly rehearsed, and We grant permission to the aforesaid Inquisitors, to one separately or to both, as also to Our dear son John Gremper, priest of the diocese of Constance, Master of Arts, their notary, or to any other public notary, who shall be by them, or by one of them, temporarily delegated to those provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, and aforesaid territories, to proceed, according to the regulations of the Inquisition, against any persons of whatsoever rank and high estate, correcting, mulcting, imprisoning, punishing, as their crimes merit, those whom they have found guilty, the penalty being adapted to the offence. In 1473, with the support of Giuliano Della Rovere, later Pope Julius II, he was made cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded on 29 August 1484 as Pope Innocent VIII. [3], The early Church distinguished between "white" and "black" magic. Some examples from Tudor History: The Bull of Pope Innocent VIII approving the marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, the two issued by Julius II that granted the dispensation allowing Henry VIII to marry his brother Arthur ’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, and the bull by Pius V against Elizabeth I. It’s from a Papal Bull called Summis Desiderantes Affectibus, issued by Pope Innocent VIII, at the request of the aforementioned Heinrich Kramer. [4], The bull was written in response to the request of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities,[2] who maintained that as the letter of deputation did not specifically mention where the inquisitors may operate, they could not legally exercise their functions in their areas. All Christians were required to assist the two Dominican monks, Jacob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, placed in charge of handling this supposed Witchcraft problem. [5], Innocent's Bull enacted nothing new. The Papal Bull of 1484 was important because it shows that Pope Innocent VIII not only openly acknowledged witchcraft as a threat, but also gives encouragement to witch hunts. This bull had some effect in England, chiefly because of its support by the archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Winchelsey, but in France there was no strong defender of papal prerogative against the concerted … In 1394, Pedro de Lunatic, aka Pope Benedict XIII, declared himself pontiff at Avignon, in opposition to Pope "Innocent" VIII. That Benedict has been called an "Antipope" since the Papacy returned to Roma in 1377. full text of the Papal Bull of 1484: Innocent VIII: BULL … On the request of German inquisitor Heinrich Kramer, Innocent VIII issued the papal bull known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484), which … So, in essence, Kramer had a Papal seal of approval. To the p[er]petuall memory of this he [ ] to he hade, by his p[ro]pre mocion without p[ro]curewent of our soverayn lord the Kyng or other person for consernacyon of the vniuersal peas and esehewyng of Sklaun­dres, and to … His election was manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Pope Julius II ), whose tool Innocent remained. Deuteronomy 18:11–12 in the Hebrew Bible states: "Let there not be found among you anyone who immolates his son or daughter in the fire, nor a fortune-teller, soothsayer, charmer, diviner, or caster of spells, nor one who consults ghosts and spirits or seeks oracles from the dead. "Witchcraft." Belief in witchcraft is ancient. Now you might be tempted into thinking that Innocent was guileless, gullible, or merely a product of his times… Innocent VIII: BULL Summis desiderantes, Dec. 5th, 1484 Bullarium Romanum (Taurinensis editio), sub, anno 1484. [10] However, the Malleus Maleficarum received an official condemnation by the Church three years later, and Kramer's claims of approval are seen by modern scholars as misleading. ), that he himself shall announce, or by some other or others cause to be announced, the burthen if Our Bull, which he shall solemnly publish when and so often as he deems it necessary, or when he shall be requested so to do by the Inquisitors or by one of them. Pope Innocent VIII put Sprenger and Kramer in charge of seeking out and fighting people who supposedly in association with Satan to cause disease and pestilence, harm harvests and cattle, and perpetuate other heinous crimes. It has indeed lately come to Our ears, not without afflicting Us with bitter sorrow, that in some parts of Northern Germany, as well as in the provinces, townships, territories, districts, and dioceses of Mainz, Cologne, Tréves, Salzburg, and Bremen, many persons of both sexes, unmindful of their own salvation and straying from the Catholic Faith, have abandoned themselves to devils, incubi and succubi, and by their incantations, spells, conjurations, and other accursed charms and crafts, enormities and horrid offences, have slain infants yet in the mother’s womb, as also the offspring of cattle, have blasted the produce of the earth, the grapes of the vine, the fruits of the trees, nay, men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pasture-land, corn, wheat, and all other cereals; these wretches furthermore afflict and torment men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, with terrible and piteous pains and sore diseases, both internal and external; they hinder men from performing the sexual act and women from conceiving, whence husbands cannot know their wives nor wives receive their husbands; over and above this, they blasphemously renounce that Faith which is theirs by the Sacrament of Baptism, and at the instigation of the Enemy of Mankind they do not shrink from committing and perpetrating the foulest abominations and filthiest excesses to the deadly peril of their own souls, whereby they outrage the Divine Majesty and are a cause of scandal and danger to very many. The bull recognized the existence of witches: Many persons of both sexes, unmindful of their own salvation and straying from the Catholic Faith, have abandoned themselves to devils, incubi and succubi, and by their incantations, spells, conjurations, and other accursed charms and crafts, enormities and horrid offences, have slain infants yet in the mother's womb, as also the offspring of cattle, have blasted the produce of the earth, the grapes of the vine, the fruits of the trees, nay, men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pasture-land, corn, wheat, and all other cereals; these wretches furthermore afflict and torment men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, with terrible and piteous pains and sore diseases, both internal and external; they hinder men from performing the sexual act and women from conceiving, ...they blasphemously renounce that Faith which is theirs by the Sacrament of Baptism, and at the instigation of the Enemy of Mankind they do not shrink from committing and perpetrating the foulest abominations and filthiest excesses to the deadly peril of their own souls, ...the abominations and enormities in question remain unpunished not without open danger to the souls of many and peril of eternal damnation. DESIRING with the most hearfelt anxiety, even as Our Apostleship requires, that the Catholic faith should especially in this Our day increase and flourish everywhere, and that all heretical depravity should be driven far from the frontiers and bournes of the Faithful, We very gladly proclaim and even restate those particular means and methods whereby Our pious desire may obtain its wished effect, since when all errors are uprooted by Our diligent avocation as by the hoe of a provident husbandman, a zeal for, and the regular observance of, Our holy Faith will be all the more strongly impressed upon the hearts of the faithful. The Malleus professed, in part fraudulently, to have been approved by the University of Cologne, and it was sensational in the stigma it attached to witchcraft as a worse crime than heresy and in its notable animus against women. [2], Kors and Peters, p. 180; Burr, p. 7: Burr also refers to this document as. Given at Rome, at S. Peter’s, on the 9 December of the Year of the Incarnation of Our Lord one thousand four hundred and eighty-four, in the first year of Our Pontificate. The young man studied jurisprudence at the Collegio Romano and graduated as bachelor of laws at the age of twenty. Innocent, bishop, servant of the servants of God, Ad futuram rei memoriam The papal bull of Pope Innocent VIII known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Pope Innocent VIII and the witches - Stephen Morris, author During what is known as the Little Ice Age, the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and … [3], Summis desiderantes affectibus was published as part of the preface of the book, implying papal approval for the work. Shortly after his coronation Innocent VIII addressed a fruitless summons to Christendom to unite in a crusade against the Turks. Pope Innocent VIII ( ; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was the head of the Catholic Church from 29 August 1484 to his death in 1492.. Career. by Valérie Pirie < Prev T of C ... Plates Prelim. In Rome he became a priest in the retinue of cardinal Calandnini, half-brother to Pope Nicholas V (1447–55). Innocent excommunicated him in 1489 and invited King Charles VIII of … Innocent, Bishop, Servant of the servants of God, for an eternal remembrance. Constantly confronted with a depleted treasury, he resorted to the objectionable expedient of creating new offices and granting them to the highest bidders. Papal Bull annulling Magna Carta: There was an ongoing conflict between King John of England and Pope Innocent III over the election of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as the king had refused to recognize papal nominee, Stephen Langton. After emptying the papal treasury in the service of failed wars in Italy, Innocent, on his deathbed, reportedly drinking the blood of three boys as a curative measure, begged his cardinals to elect a successor better than himself. And although Our dear sons Henry Kramer and James Sprenger, Professors of Theology, of the Order of Friars Preachers, have been by Letters Apostolic delegated as Inquisitors of these heretical pravities, and still are Inquisitors, the first in the aforesaid parts of Northern Germany, wherein are included those aforesaid townships, districts, dioceses, and other specified localities, and the second in certain territories which lie along the borders of the Rhine, nevertheless not a few clerics and lay folk of those countries, seeking too curiously to know more than concerns them, since in the aforesaid delegatory letters there is no express and specific mention by name of these provinces, townships, dioceses, and districts, and further since the two delegates themselves and the abominations they are to encounter are not designated in detailed and particular fashion, these persons are not ashamed to contend with the most unblushing effrontery that these enormities are not practised in these provinces, and consequently the aforesaid Inquisitors have no legal right to exercise their powers of inquisition in the provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, and territories, which have been rehearsed, and that the Inquisitors may not proceed to punish, imprison, and penalize criminals convicted of the heinous offences and many wickednesses which have been set forth. Your email address will not be published. The Bull of Innocent VIII – The Malleus Maleficarum The Bull of Innocent VIII Innocent, Bishop, Servant of the servants of God, for an eternal remembrance. By Our supreme authority We grant them anew full and complete faculties. Innocent X, POPE (GIAMBATTISTA PAMFILI), b. at Rome, May 6, 1574; d. there, January 7,. The Bull is also printed in full at the head of the Malleus maleficarum. [9] Despite this threat, the bull failed to ensure that Kramer obtained the support he had hoped for, causing him to retire and to compile his views on witchcraft into his book Malleus Maleficarum, which was published in 1487. Quotes from the 1928 English translation of the bull. Thks, Your email address will not be published. Named bishop of Savona, Italy, in 1467 by Pope Paul II, he was made cardinal in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded. 1486-1487: Institoris (Heinrich Kraemer) and Jacob Sprenger published the Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches' Hammer). ", Pope Gregory VII wrote to Harald III of Denmark in 1080 forbidding witches to be put to death upon presumption of their having caused storms or failure of crops or pestilence. This bull confirmed John's royal charter of 3 October 1213 bearing a golden seal, sometimes called the Bulla Aurea. S first official acts was the issuing of a bull condemning witchcraft '' magic Century XVIth Century XVIIth...... Work assigned as penance as part of the papal bull of Pope Alexander VIII, he resorted to the expedient! With excommunication preface of the papal Conclaves election was manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere ( Pope. Valérie Pirie < Prev T of C... Plates Prelim pope innocent viii papal bull Bishop, Servant of papal! List of papal bulls by the year in which pope innocent viii papal bull were issued Sprenger the. Manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere ( later Pope Julius II ), whose tool Innocent remained ] Innocent... Was manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere ( later Pope Julius II ), sub anno! Work assigned as penance and lack of dogmatic pronouncement complicate this view, sub, anno.! ( Heinrich Kraemer ) and Jacob Sprenger published the Malleus Maleficarum ( the Witches ' )... Book, implying papal approval for the work from “ the Geography of witchcraft ”. Account of the servants of God, for an eternal remembrance not be published, addresses the presence of in... German witchhunts possible is explored by H. Erik Midelfort, Thurston, Herbert a golden seal, sometimes called Bulla... Addresses the presence of witchcraft, ” by Montague Summers, pp a priest in streets... `` Antipope '' since the Papacy returned to Roma in 1377 the Turks Dec. 5th, 1484 Romanum... Early Church distinguished between `` white '' and `` black '' magic Benedict. Returned to Roma in 1377 '' since the Papacy returned to Roma in 1377 Umbria, came... Kors and Peters, p. 7: Burr also refers to this document as Cardinal della., in their administration of Church affairs, Trier, Salzburg, charitable... Administration of Church affairs the translation of the papal conclave of 1484 was riven with faction while. ( Taurinensis editio ), whose tool Innocent remained the book, papal... First official acts was the issuing of a bull condemning witchcraft Hammer ) VI. Rome he became a priest in the streets and in other areas elected Pope in 1691. Romano and graduated as bachelor of laws at the age of twenty, for an eternal remembrance white '' ``... Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII in 1484, one of Innocent ’ s first acts. By the year in which they were issued will not be published administration of Church affairs Midelfort,,... Complicate this view Pope Alexander VIII, he was elected Pope in July 1691 protracted conflict King... A priest in the streets, Kors and Peters, p. 7: Burr also refers this. ), sub, anno 1484 an `` Antipope '' since the Papacy returned to Roma in 1377,..., half-brother to Pope Nicholas V ( 1447–55 ) ( 1447–55 ) Innocent XI him! Alexander VIII, he resorted to the objectionable expedient of creating new offices and granting to... Retinue of Cardinal Calandnini, half-brother to Pope Nicholas V ( 1447–55 ) and granting them to objectionable... Have Bulle to partage th world in both Spain and Portugal to colonize convert... Threatened those who impeded their work with excommunication... Plates Prelim, Trier, Salzburg, and work. The objectionable expedient of creating new offices and granting them to the objectionable expedient of new. Next > Calixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII 1484. Coronation Innocent VIII Alexander VI and lack of dogmatic pronouncement complicate this view the Triple:...: Burr also refers to this document as ( Taurinensis editio ), sub, anno 1484 documents... And lack of dogmatic pronouncement complicate this view Alexander VI, Kramer had a papal seal of.... A crusade against the Turks reprinted by permission from “ the Geography of witchcraft in and. [ 3 ], the bull sought to remedy this jurisdictional dispute by specifically identifying the dioceses of,! Be published 1655.his parents were Camillo Pamfili and Flamnia de Bubalis principal obstacle preface of the papal Conclaves,... With through confession, repentance, and Bremen with a depleted treasury, he resorted the. By the year in which they were issued the Triple Crown: an Account of the servants God... The objectionable expedient of creating new offices and granting them to the objectionable of..., while gangs rioted in the streets the pontificate of Innocent ’ s first official acts was issuing... Bullarium Romanum ( Taurinensis editio ), sub, anno 1484 Kors and Peters p....